Glucagon – Like Peptide 1, (GLP – 1) amide, human CAS NO.99658-04-5

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.MECHANISM OF ACTION

Human GLP-1 amide exerts its multifaceted metabolic effects through specific, high-affinity binding to the GLP-1 Receptor (GLP-1R), a Class B G-protein coupled receptor widely expressed in pancreatic islets, the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. Receptor activation predominantly couples to the Gs protein, stimulating adenylate cyclase to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). This activates two main effector pathways: Protein Kinase A (PKA) and the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Epac2). In pancreatic beta cells, this integrated signaling potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, enhances insulin gene expression, and promotes beta-cell proliferation and survival. Concurrently, it inhibits glucagon secretion from alpha cells. In the brainstem and hypothalamus, it activates neural circuits to induce satiety and reduce food intake, while in the stomach, it delays gastric emptying via vagal inhibition.

2.PRODUCT INDICATIONS

• Beta-Cell Biology & Diabetes Research: Defining the gold-standard insulinotropic response in primary islets, beta-cell lines (INS-1, MIN6), and models of diabetes to study secretion, proliferation, and cytoprotection.

• GLP-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) Pharmacology: Serving as the native, high-potency reference agonist for receptor binding assays, cAMP accumulation studies, calcium flux measurements, and β-arrestin recruitment assays.

• Drug Discovery & Screening: Acting as the critical benchmark for evaluating the potency, efficacy, and signaling bias of all synthetic GLP-1R agonists (e.g., liraglutide, semaglutide) and multi-agonists (e.g., tirzepatide) in development.

• Central Control of Metabolism: Investigating GLP-1's anorexigenic effects in neuronal cultures, brain slices, and feeding behavior studies.

3.CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PRODUCT

• Established Physiological Power: As the major incretin, it is responsible for the "incretin effect," potentiating up to 70% of postprandial insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, thereby minimizing hypoglycemia risk.

• Therapeutic Limitation & Innovation: Its rapid degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), leading to a<2-minute half-life="">DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists.

• Foundation for Blockbuster Drugs: This peptide's mechanism is the basis for numerous highly successful drugs:

  • GLP-1R Agonists (Injectable/Oral): Liraglutide (Victoza®), Semaglutide (Ozempic®, Wegovy®, Rybelsus®), Dulaglutide (Trulicity®) – proven for superior glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular/renal benefits.

  • Dual/Triple Agonists: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®/Zepbound®), a GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist, shows even greater efficacy.

• Proven Clinical Impact: Therapeutics based on this peptide's action are now first-line for type 2 diabetes and are transforming obesity management, demonstrating unprecedented efficacy in weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk reduction.




4.DELIVERY & SHIPPING


We specialize in global logistics for various cosmetic peptides. Your order will be handled with the utmost care, ensuring safe, reliable, and intact delivery.
Professional and Secure Packaging
Each bottle of peptide is protected with a special packaging solution to ensure stability and integrity during transportation.
We can also customize packaging according to customer needs.
Shipping Methods 
Main Method: International Air Freight


We primarily use DHL, FedEx, UPS, and TNT because of their global reliability, speed, and advanced tracking systems. Air freight ensures the fastest transit time and minimizes the impact of environmental factors on the product.